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^ "WELSH COTTON | Definition of WELSH COTTON by Oxford Dictionary on also meaning of WELSH COTTON".Textiles in America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of cloth. After weaving, it is napped once, then bleached, dyed, or otherwise treated, and then napped a second time. The weave is often hidden by napping on one or both sides. įlannel, flannelette, and cotton flannel can be woven in either a twill weave or plain weave. Vegetable flannel, invented by Léopold Lairitz in Germany in the 1800s, uses fibres from the Scots pine rather than wool.Diaper flannel is a stout cotton fabric napped on both sides, and used for making cloth diapers.Ceylon flannel was a name for a wool and cotton mixture.Cotton flannel or Canton flannel is a cotton fabric napped on one side or two sides.Baby flannel is a lightweight fabric used for childrenswear.It comes in many colours, both solid and patterned. Flannelette can either have long or short nap, and can be napped on one or two sides. The flannel-like appearance is created by creating a nap from the weft scratching it and raising it up. The weft is generally coarser than the warp. The association between flannel and plaid has led to the use of flannel as a mistaken synonym for plaid.įlannelette typically refers to a napped cotton fabric imitating the texture of flannel. However, few of the mass-produced plaid shirts available at the time were actually made out of flannel. The use of flannel plaid shirts was at its peak in the 1990s with popular grunge bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam using them as one of the trademarks of their shaggy look. The 'no class-lotta style' fashion trend eventually made its way across the country to Seattle. can be traced back to The Gardenias at the University of Buffalo in the mid-1980s. The roots of mainstream use of flannels in the U.S. It was at this time that flannel trousers became popular in sports, especially cricket, in which it was used extensively until the late 1970s. Originally flannel was made of fine, short staple wool, but by the 20th-century mixtures of silk and cotton had become common. Red Flannel Skirt, designed by Sybil Connolly in 1957ĭuring the 1950s Irish designer Sybil Connolly, inspired by Aran Island and traditional Irish peasant skirts, designed a 'Red Flannel' skirt using red flannel wool. Lighter shades were achieved by bleaching with sulphur dioxide. While nowadays, the colour of flannel is determined by dyes, originally this was achieved through mixing white, blue, brown and black wools in varying proportions. Īt one time Welsh, Yorkshire, Lancashire and Irish flannels differed slightly in character due largely to the grade of raw wool used in the several localities, some being softer and finer than others. The marketing of these Welsh woollen clothes was largely controlled by the Drapers Company of Shrewsbury. The expansion of its production is closely associated with the spread of carding mills, which prepared the wool for spinning, this being the first aspect of the production of woollen cloth to be mechanised (apart from fulling). In the 19th century, flannel was made particularly in towns such as Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Hay on Wye, and Llanidloes.
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įlannel has been made since the 17th century, gradually replacing the older Welsh plains, some of which were finished as "cottons" or friezes, coarse woolen cloth that was the local textile product. The French term flanelle was used in the late 17th century, and the German Flanell was used in the early 18th century. The fabric was called ''Welsh cotton'', and despite its name, it was a coarse woolen material with a fluffed surface similar to flannel. The origin of the word is uncertain, but a Welsh origin has been suggested as fabric similar to flannel can be traced back to Wales, where it was well known as early as the 16th century.